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FAQ
What is Reverte™?Reverte™ is an additive that provides programmable degradation of plastics. Why does Reverte™ produce superior products that are more environmentally friendly?Reverte™ produces a plastic product with equivalent performance characteristics than the present non-degradables, is cost competitive and results in a product that will totally and harmlessly disintegrate in multiple environments, commencing at a predetermined time. Why use Reverte? (The 4R Solution: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Reverte™)?Reverte™ provides the safest, most cost-effective, environmentally safe way to degrade plastic. By far the largest proportion of single use plastics, such as those used in disposable packaging, end their lives in landfills or as litter. At present, conventional non-degradable plastics can persist unchanged for many years. The unique programmability of Reverte™ technology safely biodegrades plastic waste from within a few months to a maximum of 5 years. In landfills they reduce volume, help maximize capacity utilization and aid in landfill compression. While not a total solution to littering, degradable plastics help avoid the accumulation of unsightly litter in our environment. What are the options for dealing with plastic waste?There are currently 3 options for dealing with plastic waste:
What is the difference between Degradable, Biodegradable and Oxo-biodegradable plastic?Degradable and biodegradable plastics are defined by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): Degradable Plastic: A plastic designed to undergo a significant change in its chemical structure under specific environmental conditions. This change results in a classification determined by the loss of some properties that may vary as measured by standard test methods appropriate to the plastic and the application in a period of time. Biodegradable Plastic: A degradable plastic in which the degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. Oxo-biodegradable Plastic: A two-stage process in which plastic is first converted by reaction with oxygen to molecular fragments that are water wettable. Second, these smaller oxidized molecules are biodegraded and converted into carbon dioxide, water and biomass, by microorganisms. There are 2 main types of biodegradable plastics: oxo-biodegradable and hydro-biodegradable. Both will first undergo chemical degradation by oxidation and hydrolysis for oxo- and hydro-biodegradable plastics respectively. This results in their physical disintegration and a drastic reduction in their molecular weights. These smaller, lower molecular weight fragments are then amenable to biodegradation by microbes. Hydro-biodegradable plastics tend to degrade and biodegrade somewhat faster than oxo-biodegradables but the end result is the same – both plastics are converted to carbon dioxide, water and biomass. Oxo-biodegradable plastics are generally less expensive, possess better physical properties and are easier to process on current plastic processing equipment than hydro-biodegradable plastics. How does the Reverte™ Oxo-biodegradable technology work?Reverte™ is an additive technology introduced in the manufacturing process of a variety of plastic (polyethylene and polypropylene) packaging and applications. The programmable degradation is triggered by UV and thermo-oxidation, meaning once the additive is activated, the presence of oxygen causes the plastic to have a reduction of molecular weight and become very brittle. These fragments decompose further into simple elements: carbon dioxide, water and biomass. Heat, sunlight and mechanical stress (i.e. movement) accelerate this degradation process. As the long carbon and hydrogen chains of plastic become shorter and shorter and are now able to incorporate oxygen into their chemical make-up, it is at this point that the plastic turns into organic functional groups (ketones, carboxylic acids, alcohols etc) that attract water. These transformations (to smaller chains in the presence of oxygen and water) create the conditions for the second stage of biodegradation: microbial digestion. Once the molecular mass of the plastics are reduced to below 40,000 molecular weight - due to oxidative degradation - the material becomes water wettable and can sustain a biofilm on its surface. This biofilm supports numerous microorganisms that feed off the carbon and hydrogen elements of the oxidizing plastic. If microorganisms are present (as they are in compost or landfill) these small fragments are included in their tropic chain as food. Biomass is the organic waste of microbe cells. This process is similar to the degradation of lignin in wood. What are the advantages of Reverte™ over other methods of degrading plastic?Advantages when compared to alternative methods or products include the following:
TopHow controllable is the process of biodegradation (shelf life and service life)?The speed of degradation can largely be controlled by the additive package used for any particular application. This process is affected by the levels of uncontrollable variables - particularly heat, UV light and stress - to which the plastic is exposed. Higher than planned levels of these will speed up the process and lower levels will slow it down (but not stop it). For this reason, manufacturers typically build a significant safety margin into the planned degradation time assuring that the properties of the plastic remain intact for the full useful life of the product. Reverte™ has a unique control package with two trigger mechanisms for guaranteed performance. First, a photoinitiator which means that the oxo-breakdown reaction does not significantly begin before the product is discarded and exposed to UV light and/or heat. There is also a built-in time release, which can be programmed to be activated as required by supply chain (‘fit-for-purpose’) requirements. This ensures that customers receive optimum formulations that perform as specified. Second, Reverte™ has secondary phase biodegradation promoters that assist the growth of microbial colonies. This speeds up and facilitates the ultimate biodegradation of the plastic following the initial oxo-breakdown. Do the Reverte™ additives or finished products need to be stored or handled in any special way?A degree of 'common sense' is necessary to ensure that the products are not exposed to excessive heat, UV light or stress. For example, degradable plastics should be stored in a cool/shaded place rather than in the open air or in a hot, sunny space. Beyond this sort of 'common sense', no special requirements apply. TopHow does Reverte™ affect product performance of the finished product?Prior to the onset of degradation and disposal, products incorporating Reverte™ will have virtually identical performance to those manufactured without the additive. Products with Reverte™ are engineered to have a predetermined shelf life and have a designated “use before” date. TopIs Reverte™ safe to be used for food contact applications?Yes! Reverte™ additives comply with FDA, EU and CFIA standard requirements for food contact and are safe for use in direct food contact applications. TopCan Reverte™ based plastics be recycled?Yes. In-plant materials (trimmings, scrap, etc.) are normally recycled by manufacturers. The usual amount of recycled materials used is about 20% for degradable and 5% for non-degradable end products. This will ensure that quality of the end products are not compromised. Additionally, post-consumer plastics can also be recycled in existing recycle streams provided they have not already started to degrade. TopWill Reverte™ products create greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane in a landfill?Reverte™ does not contribute to methane build up. Methane is a gas that occurs in anaerobic conditions when carbon can only combine with hydrogen. Therefore, if there is no oxygen the Reverte™ product will not degrade. This is a big advantage over food-based biodegradable materials that, in the absence of oxygen, begin anaerobic decomposition, the product of which is methane – a greenhouse gas 20 times more damaging than CO2. The Reverte™ degradation process is an oxidizing system - if no oxygen is present the carbon and hydrogen remains locked in the remnants of the plastic and methane will not be emitted. CO2 is unavoidably created in all natural breakdown processes. The alternative is to keep the carbon locked up as plastic but that means the bag lasts hundreds of years - potentially longer. Reverte™ does not generate methane during degradation. CO2 is produced in small quantities. What are the end products of Reverte™ and are there any harmful effects on the environment from the use of this additive?The end products of biodegradation of plastic are carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and biomass. Extensive studies and tests already completed ensure that no harmful toxic or hazardous remains are left from the Reverte™ oxo-biodegradable process. Why does the Reverte™ process cost so little?Only a small amount of Reverte™ is added during the process of manufacturing plastic and no additional equipment or skilled labor is required. What products are currently manufactured using Reverte™ ?
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